Closings by year and sector
Business combinations closed by the SPACs that priced their IPO since 1 January 2021, by the year of closing and the combined company's industry, as the SEC classifies it.
RedemptionsClosings by sector
323 closings in all; Technology and telecoms was the largest sector, with 29%. The median time from IPO to closing is shown with each year.
| Year closed | Technology and telecoms | Healthcare and life sciences | Industrials and transport | Consumer | Financial services | Materials and mining | Other sectors | Closings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 · 9 months | 43% (16 of 37) | 30% (11 of 37) | 8% (3 of 37) | 8% (3 of 37) | 3% (1 of 37) | 3% (1 of 37) | 5% (2 of 37) | 37 |
| 2022 · 14.3 months | 29% (19 of 65) | 23% (15 of 65) | 15% (10 of 65) | 15% (10 of 65) | 6% (4 of 65) | 2% (1 of 65) | 9% (6 of 65) | 65 |
| 2023 · 23.8 months | 22% (18 of 82) | 18% (15 of 82) | 20% (16 of 82) | 6% (5 of 82) | 9% (7 of 82) | 4% (3 of 82) | 22% (18 of 82) | 82 |
| 2024 · 29.7 months | 25% (16 of 65) | 22% (14 of 65) | 15% (10 of 65) | 9% (6 of 65) | 8% (5 of 65) | 6% (4 of 65) | 15% (10 of 65) | 65 |
| 2025 · 34.2 months | 29% (11 of 38) | 13% (5 of 38) | 8% (3 of 38) | 18% (7 of 38) | 13% (5 of 38) | 13% (5 of 38) | 5% (2 of 38) | 38 |
| 2026 to date · 18.4 months | 39% (14 of 36) | 8% (3 of 36) | 6% (2 of 36) | 11% (4 of 36) | 11% (4 of 36) | 8% (3 of 36) | 17% (6 of 36) | 36 |
Shares of each year's closings. Months: median from the IPO prospectus to the closing. Closings before 2023 are few here: SPACs that priced before 2021 are not covered.
Method and sources
How the figures are compiled
- Which IPOs. Every final IPO prospectus (Form 424B4 or 424B1) filed on SEC EDGAR from the history start, by a registrant whose SIC code was 6770 (blank checks) on the filing date. Offerings that are not exchange-listed SPAC IPOs are excluded when the prospectus is read. The window starts on 1 January 2021.
- Dated by. The date of the final prospectus.
- Raised. Units sold to the public, including over-allotment units, times the unit price, as stated in the SPAC's 8-K reports after the IPO.
- Trust. The trust held for public shareholders after the IPO and any over-allotment: trust per unit times public units, as stated in the SPAC's filings. Cash deposited in trust and then moved out as working capital is not counted.
- Bookrunners. Firms the prospectus names as book-running managers; where it names none, the firm it names as sole underwriter or representative of the underwriters. Only the prospectus's own wording counts, not later 8-K reports. Each IPO's gross proceeds are split equally among its bookrunners.
- Counsel and auditors. Issuer counsel and underwriters' counsel as named in the prospectus's Legal Matters section; the auditor as named in its Experts section. Each is credited with the IPO's full gross proceeds.
- Unit structure. What one unit consists of, as the prospectus states it: a share with warrants, with rights, with both, or a share alone (shares-only offerings sell no units). Warrants per unit is the fraction of a warrant in each unit; rights are measured as the fraction of a share they convert into per unit.
- Trust per unit. Dollars placed in the trust account for each unit sold to the public, as the prospectus states it.
- Time to complete. Months from the IPO closing that the SPAC has to complete its business combination before any extension, as the prospectus states it.
- Over-allotment. Whether the underwriters bought all, part or none of the over-allotment option, comparing units sold with the base offering and the option.
- Votes. Shareholder votes to extend a SPAC's deadline or to approve its business combination, as reported in its 8-Ks (Item 5.07), for the SPACs in the IPO statistics only: SPACs that priced before the history start are not included, so votes in the first years under-represent the market. Only redemptions actually paid count: votes on a proposal that failed, or an extension that was approved but never took effect, are left out (redemption requests lapse with them), and a merger vote counts only when the deal closed, and only the last merger vote before the closing, since merger redemptions are paid at closing. Liquidation votes are left out too, as every public share is redeemed by definition.
- Redemption rate. Public shares redeemed at a vote over public shares outstanding just before it. Shares redeemed are as an 8-K, or failing that the next 10-Q or 10-K, states them. Shares before are as a filing states them, or redeemed plus the shares left after, or carried from the IPO's public shares and earlier votes. The median is the typical vote; the weighted rate divides all shares redeemed by all shares before, the share of public money that left the trusts. A vote counts only when each of these figures is verified or accepted. Votes whose redemption count no filing states, after a search of the SPAC's and the combined company's filings, are counted as not disclosed rather than estimated.
- Outcomes. Where each SPAC stands as of the snapshot: completed (business combination closed), liquidated (trust returned and redeemed), deal pending (agreement signed, not closed) or searching (no agreement in force). Grouped by the year the SPAC priced its IPO. Awaiting review means its status is still being checked.
- Closings. Completed business combinations by year of closing. The sector is the SEC's industry code (SIC) of the combined company, grouped into broad sectors; months from IPO run from the prospectus date to the closing.
- Checking. A SPAC counts only when every required figure is verified (quote found verbatim in the filing and all cross-checks pass) or accepted by a named reviewer.
- Coverage. 1,049 of the 1,057 SPAC IPOs read are counted; 8 wait on a figure still under review and 4 filings were excluded as not exchange-listed SPAC IPOs.
Compiled from SEC filings with the assistance of AI · figures as of 16 October 2026
For information only. These figures are compiled from SEC filings with the assistance of AI. Although they are checked against those filings, they may contain errors or omissions and have not been audited; where they differ from the filings, the filings prevail. They are not an offer to sell, a solicitation of an offer to buy, or a recommendation of any security. Information about any SPAC is qualified in its entirety by its filings with the SEC, available at www.sec.gov.